The article describes new lighting technologies, or rather light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. Find out what it is. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these lamps. The price of LED lamps, as well as the history of LED lighting
What are LED bulbs - LED?
This is an almost ordinary-looking lamp with many LEDs in it, as well as a semiconductor crystal on a substrate and an optical system.
LED or LED
Is a semiconductor device that distorts electrical voltage into light. The spectral range of the emitted light depends on the chemical composition of the semiconductor.
The use of Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology in the lighting industry is a relatively new phenomenon. This is primarily because high intensity devices have only become available in recent years. There are two key areas where this technology will impact the lighting industry over the next decade:
- lighting;
- lighting effects.
Read the article on the main parameters of LED lamps to know what to look for when choosing an LED lamp.
Benefits of LED bulbs - LED
- Low power consumption compared to conventional lighting. Such a lamp needs 10 watts to illuminate a room equivalent to a 100 watt incandescent lamp.
- No UV radiation. The ultraviolet component of normal lighting can damage the tissues of the eyes.
- Very little heat is produced in the light, reducing the cost of building air conditioning.
- Lamp life is very long, with most LED manufacturers estimating 40,000-50,000 hours of lamp life. If you use it every day for 5 hours, then the service life will dry out in more than 10 years.
- They are environmentally friendly compared to energy saving lamps that contain mercury.
- Small weight, shockproof.
- Instant warm-up in less than 1 sec.
Disadvantages of LED lamps - LED, reviews
- The main and significant disadvantage of these lamps is their price, it is much more expensive than both incandescent and energy-saving lamps. See prices below.
- Some people complain that LED lamps have an unpleasant light spectrum. Therefore, it is unacceptable to use them in lamps for reading books or other painstaking work. But you also need to take into account the fact that many probably bought and used old versions of such lamps. Now technologies are progressing every year and the light of new led lamps is becoming more and more qualitative than before. Buy one such good lamp from a specialist store and see for yourself that it is the right solution.
- Due to the massive use of economical lamps, energy companies and the state suffer, after all, it is their profit that is saved. Therefore, they often raise their electricity bills. But I do not think that this is a reason to abandon such lamps. Now they are simple, incandescent lamps have to be replaced every 2-4 months, as they often "fly out" due to poor quality production. And the counter is wound 5-8 times more.
Some "pessimists" find a few more daring reasons to go into the past and not use the new technologies of the future. LED technologies create the light of the future, where there is less voltage on the wiring, energy savings, safety and quality. TutKnow.ru for LED light!
Prices for LED bulbs
In Russia, Tegas Electric is actively involved in the production of LED lamps and other components for them. Now there is a wide selection of products, whether it is lamps for a luminaire for a small room or for a shade for a huge office space. And also technical lamps for street lighting.
Prices
for such lamps starts from 200 rubles to 1000 or more. The price depends on the technical characteristics of the lamp. Over time, prices for this product will decline. LED lamps will become more accessible to the public.
History of LED lighting
Lighting in general requires the use of white light. LEDs cannot produce white light, they can only produce a certain color in the spectrum. An LED is a semiconductor device that is made from a combination of chemically polarized semiconductors. The chemical composition chosen to determine the energy of electrons that pass through the interface between two types of semiconductors. This energy is converted into light as a stream of electrons, although the device is determined by the wavelength of the resulting colored light.
There are two possible approaches to producing light from an LED. The first was first used in Japan in 1996: The blue LED is coated with white phosphorus. When blue light hits the inner surface of the phosphor, it emits white light. This technology is currently being considered for commercial purposes, but there are still some concerns about the technology's lifecycle. It has been noted that phosphorus can reduce luminous flux throughout the year. The current life estimate is about 6 years.
The second way to get white light is to use an additive mixing of the three primary colors: red, green, and blue.
The concept of mixing LED light output was first implemented in 1979 by Sound Chamber employees. A product called "Saturn" uses a rotating propeller. Each of the three propeller wings was built from circuit boards equipped with red, green and yellow LEDs. (The blue LED has not yet been invented.) Each of the LEDs is controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM), which keeps the intensity of each individual LED under control. The product can generate a huge variety of colors.
The next leap in technology came in 1993 with the invention of the blue LED, and in early 1994, an artistic licensed prototype was invented for what is considered the first complete color mixing using red, green and blue LEDs. The design used a pulse modulation pulse for each color channel, with a Zilog Z8 microprocessor.
Prospects for the development of LEDs
In Belgium, LUMILED, a joint venture between Philips and Agilent, is developing towards ultra-high brightness LEDs. In Japan, Nichia continues to push for brightness - value for money. In England, Cambridge Display Technology succeeded in creating the world's first blue light-emitting polymer (LEP), and has now gone into production of white organic light-emitting diodes (OLED). Currently, all developments in this area are directed to the production of technologies that can be used in color display screens.
In the US, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Nano Structures Lab) is working on a device called a photonic band gap LED. Initially research aimed at improving the efficiency of single color LEDs. Extensions to this study could lead to an LED where both colors and intensity can be set electronically. The potential for lighting effects is astounding. The most notable of which is the ability to produce higher resolution control over a lower intensity range. It is of particular interest in color mixing.
